【www.dagaqi.com--农民创业】
本期视频主要内容： 大葱在播种后3到4个月时，因为涨势相对密集，需要将葱苗移栽到空间更大的土地里。这样会让大葱生长的更加健硕。而移栽，也是大葱种植的过程中，最复杂的一步。刘德波是山东平度市小戈庄的一位普通农民，因为从小看着父亲种植大葱，极度耗费经历。善于动手的他，钻研出来了一台给大葱培土的机器，也正是因为这个帮助大家种植大葱的铁家伙，他成为了当地的发明大王。（《我爱发明》 20151031 大葱保姆）
发明人：刘德波（13573206675）
编导手记：山东省青岛平度市的大葱享誉全国，但是种植大葱的环节却繁多复杂，播种，起苗，移栽，培土，收葱。村民门每天早上5点就起来干活，顶着太阳劳作，中午只能在地里吃饭。十分辛苦，而且随着人工的成本不断提高，葱农们的效益却难见提升。
刘德波，小戈庄里的发明大人，一直经营农机的他，敏锐的注意到了这一点。很早之前就做出了大葱培土机的机器。接触大葱行业多年，随着对于农机技术的不断精进，刘德波开始注意到在平度种植最广的大葱。平时农民种植，特别的辛苦，尤其看到身为葱农的父亲疲惫的身影，刘德波便暗下决心，要做出一台管理大葱的机器。也就是说，在种植大葱的播种，起苗，移栽，培土，收葱的每一步上面，都有机器能够代替，他还真的成功了。（编导：刘宇；摄像：李震）
[我爱发明] 20160721 辣椒搬迁队
本期节目主要内容： 河南省商丘市柘城县的村民韩敬哲的辣椒移栽机构造很简单，就是通过楔型结构的铲开沟，然后，把辣椒苗放入到烟花筒一样储苗筒内，让其自由落下，正好落入到开好的沟里。到底能不能成功？这台辣椒移栽机究竟能否减轻人们的负担，代替人们来完成劳动呢？敬请收看。（《我爱发明》 20160721 辣椒搬迁队）
发明人联系方式：韩敬哲
编辑手记：
6月，又到了辣椒种植的季节，种辣椒与种大葱类似，在种植过程中，都需要进行移栽，也就是，等到辣椒苗涨到30厘米左右，就得给它们换个更宽敞的新家，让它们茁壮成长。河南省商丘市柘城县的村民们就在为移栽辣椒而忙碌着。
移栽的过程分为两步，首先，在旋耕完的土地上，村民们用他们特制的“土犁子”先开好一条10厘米深的沟，然后，再将辣椒苗插入，填埋即可，简单来说，就是挖个坑来埋点土。
看起来，移栽的过程并没有多大难度，可开沟过程实际操作起来，可没有看起来那么简单。在移栽过程中，最重要的就是保持移栽后辣椒苗的直立稳定性，所以村民们在插完苗后，还有一个手抠压实的动作。
虽然移栽辣椒幼苗并没有什么难度，但是，着实是一件苦差事，尤其是移栽过程，由于没有任何辅助的工具，人们只能蹲在田里，一颗苗一颗苗的进行填土，时间久了是腰酸背痛，膝盖疼，很容易落下病来，那么有没有一台辣椒移栽机能够代替这种简单却又复杂的劳动呢？
韩敬哲可是村里的百宝箱，农闲时就喜欢摆弄机器，平时邻里乡亲，谁家的电器有问题了，都会请老韩帮忙。
由于自己也种辣椒，那种腰酸背痛的感觉还让他记忆犹新，老韩就想着，能不能做一些工具减缓劳动强度呢？他虽然没上过一天学，可是，就是对机械感兴趣，他买来书籍自己研究，准备做一台移栽机，终于，经过了2个月的努力，一台初具雏形的机器诞生了。
呵！还真做出来了！看看去！
老韩的辣椒移栽机构造很简单，就是通过楔型结构的铲开沟，然后，把辣椒苗放入到烟花筒一样储苗筒内，让其自由落下，正好落入到开好的沟里。
到底能不能成功？这台机器究竟能否减轻人们的负担，代替人们来完成劳动呢？期待哦~
本期视频主要内容： 山东平度市盛产大葱，发明人綦博兴为了帮助农民解决人工挖葱的困难决心发明一台代替人工高效率挖葱的机器。经过两次改进，綦博兴成功研制出新型大葱收获机，解决了农民人工挖葱的困难，也提高了挖葱的效率。 （《我爱发明》 20150321 坐收大葱）
发明人联系方式：綦博兴 186 6391 7908 （注：綦读 qí )
《坐收大葱》花絮：这次去山东平拍摄印象最深的是山东人民非常热情。我们的拍摄一场比赛的时候，气温零下，风力达到7级。当天在拍比赛的时候，能凑齐这么多人，也着实不易。因为天气骤然变冷，当地农民都担心大葱被冻坏在地里，大家都忙着抢收，能来协助拍摄的老乡，真是热心肠的好乡亲。
Trees Transplanting Machine Mechanics Model Establishment and大葱移栽机视频
Shovel Blade Finite Element Analysis
Jie Zhou a, Zhipeng Li b, Qiang Huo c
Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
Keywords: trees transplanting machine, shovel blade, mechanics model, finite element analysis. Abstract. As shovel blade is the main working part of a trees transplanting machine, its design greatly affect the quality of the work conducted by the machine. In the research reported in this paper, the stress and strain analyses of the shovel blade were conducted. To carry out the analyses, the mechanics model of the machine was established first, then a three-dimensional model was built within Pro/E, and the blade’s static mechanics was analysed using ANSYS. With the results obtained, the maximum working pressure of the slave blade was finally identified , to satisfy the requirements of actual working conditions.
Introduction
Trees or small saplings are often required to be transplanted to other places due to the modern city construction, environmental transformation, forestation, etc. To use human resources to transplant results in high labor intensity, low efficiency, and high cost. In order to satisfy the requirement of the market, a kind of trees transplanting machine with simple structure and high efficiency has been applied to dig holes, place seedlings and transplant [1]. A machine of high-automation is desirable in order to meet the demand for mechanical transplantation of the afforestation seedling. The depth and ball diameter of soil are determined according to the diameter at breast height of the trees. Statistics show that tree transplant with the machine, the survival rate of forestation is 95% or above. Compared with the traditional afforestation technology the application of the machine shortens seeding period of 2-3 years, increases the rate of trees growth to 57.7%, and improves economic efficiency to 98% [2]. Because the shovel blade is the main working part of a trees transplanting machine, its design greatly affect the quality of the work conducted by the machine. In order to enhance the quality of the shovel blade design, this research established the mechanics model of the tree transplanting machine and carried out the finite element analysis of the shovel blade to predict its maximum working pressure.
Structure and working principle
The trees transplanting machine mainly consists of main frame, lift frame, supporting frame, shovel knife, and connecting and hydraulic mechanisms. Its overall structure is shown in Figure 1. The notations used in the figure are as follows: ‘1’, the tree; ‘2’, shovel blade; ‘3’, a shovel lifting lever with a sliding slot sword; ‘4’, supporting frame; ‘5’, supporting frame connected to the structure; ‘6’, shovel knife; ‘7’, ground; ‘8’, foundation platform; ‘9’, the rotation axes; ‘10’, overall lifting devices of shovel knife with hydraulic control ; ‘11’, overall lift sword of shovel sliding channel.
The shovel blade of trees transplanting machine is located in the opening-closing state in the front of the shoveling trees. The left three slices of shovel blades and the right three slices of shovel blades are open with a certain angles, and move along the transplanting machine toward the trees. After the shovel blade moves slowly to surround the tree, the shovel blade closes slowly and moves downward, and then penetrates the ground to reach the deep soil . The edge is closed when the cutting of a full root ball of the directed globular is complete, which is similar to cutting watermelon skin. The digging of each piece of shovel blade is controlled by the shovel blade lifting lever moving along the sliding slot of the fixed frame. All of the movements are controlled hydraulically.
Fig. 1 Trees transplanting machine general structure schematic drawing
Mechanics Model of the Shovel Blade大葱移栽机视频
The shovel blade installed on the supporting frame can move up and down. Because the shovel blades have uniform motion in the start-up process, the internal and external force generated by mutual balance can be calculated using the statics instead of dynamics [3].大葱移栽机视频
Figure 2 shows the following nine forces of shovel blade which influence the resistance of the shovel blade: soil gravity W, the stillness of the soil lateral pressure P0, soil-shovel blade surface friction and adhesion (µ1 · N), shovel on both sides of pure cutting blade resistance N11 and N12, soil role on the knife edge in shovel to reverse force method N2, soil-shovel blade cutting edge surface friction (µ1 · N2), shovel goes on soil caused sword to pressure the soil additional method Pb , and the soil to shovel blade with reaction force N0
.
Fig. 2 Shovel knife acorns resistance analysis
The mechanics theory is applied for the projection into σ axis. The shovel resistance P of the shovel blade can be obtained using the formula below [4]:
HzP=2{R(k0⋅sinβ⋅ctgδ−β)∫γ(z)z(1−)dzH0
+µ[Pb+W⋅cosδ+P0sinδ+(N11z+N12z)sinδ
−(N11z+N12z)cosδ−2N2z⋅sinδ−2N2z⋅cosδ
+2µ⋅N2cos
+µN2⋅cosa0⋅sinω]+N2zsinδ−N2zsinδ−N2z⋅cosδ2 (1)
When the shovel blades used are identical, the forces that shovel oil cylinder on the shovel blade body tackle with shovel resistance P are equal.
Some researchers employ Simi-experience method, which is widely adapted in soil - machine system dynamics. The method utilizes the empirical formula [5] based on the similarity theory model to calculate the shovel blade resistance.
0.75530.2447P=0.1307X1.1884ρsC(13.9275+0.5633×100.0243β) (2)
where, X—— shovel blade displacement quantity(m); a0⋅cosω}+(N11z+N12z)cosδ+(N11z+N12z)sinδ2
s—— soil bulk density(g/cm2);
C—— soil cohesion(Pa);
B—— shovel blade around angle of half horn(°);
The experiment shows that the thickness of shovel blade will directly affect the result of compressive stress, which greatly influences the shovel resistance. To reduce the value of shovel resistance value the thickness of blade must be reduced. ρ
Finite Element Analysis
The three-dimensional moldle of shovel blade is established using Pro/E and the unit is set as meters Newton seconds (m·N·s); the three-dimensional model built is then imported into ANSYS as geometry models. The unit types are set as solid45 and the material is set as steel of 45#. Tensile strength σb=570~690MPa, elastic modulus E=206GPa, and Poisson's ratio µ=0.3[6]. The shovel blade is divided using discrimination grids and solid45. Through the mechanics analysis of shovel blade, it is assumed that the freedoms of the top and bottom are zero in the directions of X, Y, and Z. The number of the nodes of network division is 5,876.
The oil cylinder pressure of the shovel blade increases gradually during the digging process, so the stress should be within the allowable range as long as the oil cylinder pressure on the shovel blade does not exceed the maximum value when shovel reaches itsfinal position).
The shovel the force F[7] is calculated as follows:
F=DS (3)
where, D is the shovel blade oil cylinder pressure; S is the cylinder section area of shovel blade oil; S = 0.01767hm2. The cylinder force of shovel blade oil is 102833N in the final stage.
Within ANSYS, the stress image is acquired using the boundary conditions and the load as shown in Fig. 3. The maximum stress value obtained is 98.926 MPa, which does not exceed the requirement of the allowable stress of material. Observed from the convective stress, the point of stress concentration appears at the top and bottom of shovel blade edge. Structure in these places is weak, which has to be improved in the future.
Fig. 3 Shovel blade Stress of convective in final status
Concluding Remarks
The stress analysis for the shovel blade of the tree transplanting machine has been conducted. Due to the uniform motion of the shovel blade, only the hydraulic driving force and resistance, which the soil imposes on the shovel blade, are investigated in the research. The shovel blade’s mechanics model for the in-depth soil is built and the three-dimensional model is produced using Pro/E.大葱移栽机视频
According to the results of finite element-stress analysis, the stress distribution of the shove blade of tree transplanting machine is reasonable. The Maximum forces of the shovel blade occurs in the final stage of digging process; and the maximum stress value is 98.926 MPa which satisfies the allowable requirements of materials.
References
[1] Zhengping Gu, Ruizhen Shen: submitted to World forestry research (2005)
[2] Jiangguo Yu, Jinwei Qu: Farm machinery research. 38-41 (2006), p.12
[3] Hua Zhang: Small nursery stock move kind of machinery research (Zhejiang University
Publications, China 2008)
[4] Juxin Qu. The digging machines at home and abroad research situation and development
trendNew study of digging machines for trees (China's forestry science research institute Publications, China 2009)
[5] Wenhua Yang,Hang Chen:4YS-600 style shovel blade of trees transplanting machine element
analysis(Farm machinery research Publications, China 2008)
[6] Daxian Cheng: Mechanical design manual edtied by Chemical industry Publications, Beijing
(2002)
[7] Femando J D,Daniel E V: Fuzzy control activisms pensions (Mechatronics Publications, pp
897-920 2000)
Advanced Design and Manufacture IV
10.4028//KEM.486
Trees Transplanting Machine Mechanical Model Establishment and Shovel Blade Finite ElementAnalysis
10.4028//KEM.486.234
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