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众多投资者时常会生出这样一个疑惑：投资股市是否明智？诚然，对股市持有一种切合实际的态度至关重要。抛却股市中的一些现实问题不谈，股市中不断涌现出一些公认的神话，以下5大神话可谓是神话中的经典：
第一、投资股市和赌博无异
投资股市无异于赌博这一原因使得众多人对股市敬而远之。但是，投资股市和赌博有本质上的差别，我们要客观地看待炒股。通俗地说，股票代表对公司的所有权，其赋予持有人一种对股票发行公司的资产或利润的所有权。
通常情况下，投资者仅将股票视为一种交易工具，而忽视了股票本质上代表的是对公司的所有权这一事实。在股市中，投资者一直在尝试估算股东最后的收益，而这正是导致股市价格不稳的原因。此外，公司行情和收益也处于一种动态的变化过程中。较之股市投资，赌博则是一种零和博弈。一方的收益必然意味着另一方的损失，在此过程中不产生任何收益。
众多投资者时常会生出这样一个疑惑：投资股市是否明智？诚然，对股市持有一种切合实际的态度至关重要。抛却股市中的一些现实问题不谈，股市中不断涌现出一些公认的神话，以下5大神话可谓是神话中的经典：
第一、投资股市和赌博无异
投资股市无异于赌博这一原因使得众多人对股市敬而远之。但是，投资股市和赌博有本质上的差别，我们要客观地看待炒股。通俗地说，股票代表对公司的所有权，其赋予持有人一种对股票发行公司的资产或利润的所有权。
通常情况下，投资者仅将股票视为一种交易工具，而忽视了股票本质上代表的是对公司的所有权这一事实。在股市中，投资者一直在尝试估算股东最后的收益，而这正是导致股市价格不稳的原因。此外，公司行情和收益也处于一种动态的变化过程中。较之股市投资，赌博则是一种零和博弈。一方的收益必然意味着另一方的损失，在此过程中不产生任何收益。
通过投资，经济总额得以增长。此外，鉴于不同公司之间存在竞争，无论是通过提高生产力还是改进产品等方式参与竞争，均会进一步改善我们的生活。因此，不要再将投资和赌博混为一谈了。
第二、股市是经纪人和富人的专属俱乐部
众多股市顾问扬言自己能左右股市大局。事实上，稍加推敲其说法便不难发现，凭个人之力左右股市大局纯属无稽之谈。
众所周知，大多数股市预言家的预言均已失败告终。目前，互联网的出现更是使大众更容易接触到第一手股市信息。此外，之前仅对经纪行开放的所有股票数据和研究工具现也能为散户所用。
第三、暴跌股票终会反弹
无论该神话的起因如何，对于一个业余散户而言，没有比买入一只持续暴跌52周的股票更可怕的事情了。可以回想一下华尔街那句有名的谚语：试图抓住下落的刀，终会受伤。
设想一下你在盯两支股票：X公司过去一年股票走势良好（50美元/股），但近期跌为10美元/股。 Y公司是一个规模稍小的公司，但近期股票从5美元上涨至10美元/股。那么问题来了，你会选哪一支股票？
信不信由你，所有的事情都是平等的。绝大多数投资者会选择X股，因为其相信该支股票最终会出现反弹。在投资领域，持有这种想法实乃一大忌。
第四、股市定律：有涨必有跌
该定律并不适用股市，因为不存在地心引力将股价拉回原位。举个真实的例子，20年前，伯克希尔·哈撒韦公司的股票价格在不到5年的时间里，从7,455美元上涨为17,250美元。如果你认为该公司的股票会跌回原位，那你真是大错特错。因为在接下来的几年里，该公司的股票一度上涨为170,000美元/股。
之所以伯克希尔·哈撒韦公司为例，其目的并非佐证“股票价格不会复位”这一说法，而是告诉大家股票价格其实是一个公司经营状况的真实反映。如果你发现一家公司运作良好，那么该公司的股票价格如不持续上涨，简直有悖常理。
第五、略知好于无知
通常情况下，略知好于无知。但是，对于股市中的散户而言，做到对股市投资了然于胸至关重要。谁对投资研究的更透彻，其成功的可能性就越大。
如果你没有充裕的时间去了解投资也不要气馁，雇用一个投资顾问也是不错的选择。较之雇用投资顾问的花销，投资一个你不甚了解的投资领域的成本更高。
对任何事情略知一二，只会导致你加入“从众大军”。凡事均有价，要想投资成功，努力和付出必不可少。
原文：
The Top 5 Stock Market Myths
When fiascos like the Libor scandal, London Whale scandal, and analysts’ conflict of interest occur, investor confidence can be at an all-time low.
Many investors wonder whether or not investing in stocks is worth all the hassle.
At the same time, however, it’s important to keep a realistic view of the stock market.
Regardless of the real problems, common myths about the stock market often arise.
Here are five of those myths.
Investing in Stocks Is Just Like Gambling.
This reasoning causes many people to shy away from the stock market.
To understand whyinvesting in stocks is inherently different from gambling, we need to review what it means to buy stocks.
A share ofcommon stockis ownership in a company. It entitles the holder to a claim on assets as well as a fraction of the profits that the company generates.
Too often, investors think of shares as simply a trading vehicle, and they forget that stock represents the ownership of a company.
In the stock market, investors are constantly trying to assess the profit that will be left over for shareholders. This is why stock prices fluctuate.
The outlook for business conditions is always changing, and so are the future earnings of a company.
Assessing the value of a company isn’t an easy practice.
There are so many variables involved that the short-term price movements appear to be random (academics call this theRandom Walk Theory); however, over the long term, a company is supposed to worth thepresent valueof the profits it will make.
In the short term, a company can survive without profits because of the expectations of future earnings, but no company can fool investors forever – eventually a company’s stock price can be expected to show the true value of the firm.
Gambling, on the contrary, is azero-sum game. It merely takes money from a loser and gives it to a winner. No value is ever created.
By investing, we increase the overall wealth of an economy. As companies compete, they increase productivity and develop products that can make our lives better.
Don’t confuseinvesting and creating wealth with gambling’s zero-sum game.
The Stock Market Is an Exclusive Club For Brokers and Rich People.
Many market advisors claim to be able to call the markets’ every turn.
The fact is that almost every study done on this topic has proven that these claims are false.
Most market prognosticators are notoriously inaccurate; furthermore, the advent of the internet has made the market much more open to the public than ever before.
All the data and research tools previously available only to brokerages are now there for individuals to use.
Fallen AngelsWill Go Back up, Eventually.
Whatever the reason for this myth’s appeal, nothing is more destructive to amateur investors than thinking that a stock trading near a52-week lowis a good buy.
Think of this in terms of the old Wall Street adage, “Those who try to catch afalling knifeonly get hurt.”
Suppose you are looking at two stocks:
X made an all-time high last year around $50 but has since fallen to $10 per share.
Y is a smaller company but has recently gone from $5 to $10 per share.
Which stock would you buy?
Believe it or not, all things being equal, a majority of investors choose the stock that has fallen from $50 because they believe that it will eventually make it back up to those levels again.
Thinking this way is a cardinal sin in investing!
Price is only one part of the investing equation (which is different from trading, which usestechnical analysis). The goal is to buy good companies at a reasonable price.
Buying companies solely because their market price has fallen will get you nowhere.
Make sure you don’t confuse this practice withvalue investing, which is buying high-quality companies that areundervaluedby the market.
Stocks That Go up Must Come Down.
The laws of physics do not apply in the stock market. There’s no gravitational force to pull stocks back to even.
Over 20 years ago, Berkshire Hathaway’s stock price went from $7,455 to $17,250 per share in a little more than five year.
Had you thought that this stock was going to return to its lower initial position, you would have missed out on the subsequent rise to $170,000 per share over the years.
We’re not trying to tell you that stocks never undergo acorrection. The point is that the stock price is a reflection of the company.
If you find a great firm run by excellent managers, there is no reason the stock won’t keep on going up.
A Little Knowledge Is Better Than None
Knowing something is generally better than nothing, but it is crucial in the stock market that individual investors have a clear understanding of what they are doing with their money.
Investors who really do their homework are the ones that succeed.
Don’t fret, if you don’t have the time to fully understand what to do with your money, thenhaving an advisor is not a bad thing.
The cost of investing in something that you do not fully understand far outweighs the cost of using an investment advisor.
The Bottom Line
Forgive us for ending with more investing clichés, but there’s another old adage worth repeating: “What’s obvious is obviously wrong.”
This means that knowing a little bit will only have you following the crowd like a lemming.
Like anything worth anything, successfulinvesting takes hard work and effort.
Think of a partially informed investor as a partially informed surgeon; the mistakes could be severely injurious to your financial health.（原文来源：mint 网站）
栏目介绍：“洋视角”是理财频道新开设的一个栏目，栏目会定期从国外投资理财网站择优挑选一些优秀的投资理财方面的观点文章进行提炼和编译。帮助国内投资者了解到国外投资者最新的动向和观点，以期对国内投资者的投资理财有借鉴意义。
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